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  Chapter 4   
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1. Define the following:
            a) chemical change
            b) potential energy
            c) kinetic energy
            d) joule
            e) calorie
            f) chemical equation
            g) specific heat

2. State the Law of Conservation of Energy.

3. What does the kinetic energy of an object depend on?

4. If the specific heat of gold is 0.12905 J/gEC and the specific heat of silver is 0.23502 J/gEC, what is the relationship between the amount of energy needed for the temperature of 1 gram of each substance to be raised by 1EC?

5. What is the relationship between the mass of the products and the mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction?

6. What are the reactants, and what are the products in the reaction below?
                Al2(SO4)3 + CaCl2 ! CaSO4 + AlCl3
7. Which of the following has mostly potential energy, and which has mostly kinetic energy?
            a) a flowing stream                  
            b) a stretched rubber band      
            c) a moving car
            d) a book on a high shelf
            e) a girl on a motorcycle
            f) water in pipes before the faucet is turned on
            g) water in pipes after the faucet is turned on
            h) gasoline in a car that is setting still

8. Suppose an object is heated until it changes color, and when cooled the object maintains the new color. What has most likely taken place?

9. If energy is absorbed in a chemical change, what is the relationship between the energy of the products and the energy of the reactants?

10. If energy is released in a chemical change, what is the relationship between the energy of the products and the energy of the reactants?

11. How is energy in chemistry most frequently expressed?

12. What are the three factors that effect the energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction?

13. What type of changes produce all the energy needed for our life processes?

14. Describe the reaction in the potential energy diagram to the right.

 

15. Describe the reaction in the potential energy diagram to the right.

 

16. What is the relationship between the energy of the reactants and the products in the electrolysis of water?

17. Determine whether each of the following are extensive physical, intensive physical, or chemical properties.
            a) behavior when mixed with alcohol
            b) area
            c) taste
            d) density
            e) freezing point
            f) behavior in extreme heat
            g) color
            h) height

18. Determine whether each of the following is a physical change or a chemical change.
            a) frying an egg 
            b) tearing paper 
            c) turning water into steam 
            d) combining sodium and chlorine to form salt
            e) melting iron
            f) grinding marble into a powder
            g) combustion of wood
            h) decomposition of a compound

19. How many grams of water can be heated from 22EC to 78 EC with 547 joules of heat energy?

20. How many joules of heat energy are required to raise the temperature of 223 g of lead from 15EC to 58EC? The specific heat of lead is 0.1276 J/gEC.

21. A 226 g sample of water at 24EC is combined with a 398 g sample of water at 99.9EC. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

22. What is the specific heat of a 96 g sample of a substance that absorbs 1812 J of heat energy when the temperature rises from 20EC to 62EC?

23. A 113.4 g sample of carbon at 35EC absorbs 2247 J of heat energy. What is the final temperature of the carbon if the specific heat of carbon is 0.7099 J/gEC?

24. If CaCl2 is 36.1 % calcium, what mass of chlorine is in a 288 g sample of CaCl2?