Chapter 10 Study Guide
Modern Atomic Theory and The Periodic Table   

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1. Define each of the following.
        a) ground state
        b) excited state
        c) photons
        d) period
        e) groups or families
        f) transition elements
        g) noble gases
        h) alkali metals
        i) alkaline earth metals
        j) halogens
        k) chalcogens

2. What is the number of completely filled orbitals in an atom of sulfur?

3. Which of the following is the electron configuration for an atom in an excited state?
        1s²2s²2p³
        1s²2s²2p⁶3s²
        1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴
           1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹3p³

4. What is the relationship between the number of electrons in a 4p orbital and a 4d orbital?

5. How many electrons are permitted in an orbital of a 3d sublevel?

6. How may kinds of sublevels are in energy level 3?

7. What happens when an atom goes from the excited state to the ground state?

8. In what principal energy level(s) would p and d orbitals not be found?

9. How many valence shell electrons are in an atom having the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴?

10. How many orbitals are possible in each of the first four sublevels?

11. Who is responsible for the concept of electrons existing in specific orbits around the nucleus?

12. How are families of elements arranged in the modern form of the periodic table?

13. What do the alkali metals have in common?

14. What is the relationship between the number of the period in which a series of elements is located and the number of occupied energy levels in the elements?

15. If given the symbols of two elements, how can you tell if they are chemically similar?

16. What categories of elements are found in the f block?

17. What are most of the elements in the fifth period?

18. How many orbital pairs are in an atom of germanium (Ge) in the ground state?

19. If given the number of protons and electrons in an atom, what else must you know in order to determine whether or not an atom is in the ground state?

20. What is the best description of electrons in an atom according to the quantum-mechanical model of the atom?

21. What does the theory of wave mechanics describe?

22. What happens to the number of p electrons as the atomic number of atoms increases from 29 to 35?

23. What must be true in order for two electrons to occupy the same orbital?

24. In order to account for the behavior of light, how is light regarded?

25. What symbol represents the lowest sublevel in each principal energy level?

26. If the energy of electromagnetic energy is high, what is true of its wavelength and frequency?

27. What is the shape of an s orbital and a p orbital?

28. What is true of the energy levels of an atom in the ground state?

29. Notate the electron configuration for each of the following.
            V ______________________________________   
            Po _____________________________________

30. Draw the orbital diagram for niobium (Nb).

31. Answer the following questions about astatine (At).
            a) How many protons does it have?   
            b) In which group number is it found?
            c) What is the name of its chemical family?
            d) How many valence shell electrons does it have?
            e) Is it a metal, a nonmetal, or a semimetal?